James MacGregor Burns' TFL theory describes the development of social values and the purpose of leadership and discusses his rational philosophy regarding the natural propensity for leadership Effelsberg, Solga, and Gurt (2014). Vygotsky's theory of social development argues that, as individuals, cognition and consciousness develop after social interaction: social interaction comes before individual understanding Vygotsky (2012). Transformational leadership. Effelsberg, Solga, and Gurt (2014) explored the conceptual theoretical foundations of TFL by expert James MacGregor Burns, entitled “Getting Followers to Transcend Their Self-Interest for the Benefit of Their Company: Testing a Core Assumption of Transformational Leadership Theory ” and attempted to predict the behavioral effects of followers who adopt altruistic behaviors for the best interests of organizations. These authors defined TFL theory as demonstrating “smooth give-and-take exchange” of leaders' and followers' ideas (Effelsberg, Solga, & Gurt, 2014). Evolution of psychology. Vygotsky (2012) discussed the scientific consciousness of the era of revolution as it was developed by the proposal of history. An examination of the historical development of the science of psychology was explored to shed light on the crisis of psychology by discussing a historical and revolutionary comparison of psychology. Vygotsky's theory of social development explains cognition and consciousness at different moments of life in "The Historical Significance of Crisis in Psychology" (Vygotsky,
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