On 8 April 1941, the former Italian colony of Eritrea was placed under British Military Administration (BMA) pending an international decision on its fate as an independent nation. Ethiopia claimed Eritrea and the United Nations passed a motion to federate Eritrea with imperial Ethiopia in 1952. However, the United Nations stipulated that Eritrea should remain a semi-autonomous and autonomous territory with legislative, executive and courts in their territories. internal affairs. This was supposed to last ten years, at which time Eritrea would be liberated. However, the autocratic Ethiopian monarch began dismantling the federation soon after its formation. The Eritrean-Ethiopian federation (1952-1962) was short-lived and Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia. Eritrean discontent eventually intensified, first in the form of resistance, then rebellion and finally armed struggle for the national liberation of Eritrea which lasted until 1991. In October 1954, Sudan also voted for independence from Egyptian and British colonizers. However, the people of South Sudan did not want to be subjected to their historically cruel neighbors in North Sudan. They wanted to achieve autonomy in a federal system, or they insisted on self-determination, including the possibility of independence from the North. It would take fifty-one long, bloody years and 2.5 million deaths before this would be accomplished. A number of variables contributed to the independence movements of Eritrea and South Sudan, such as the central government's refusal to grant these areas any autonomy, the government's imposition of religious and ethnic ideals, and taking control of natural resources of the area. The wars of independence of South Sudan and Eritrea are some of the long-running wars... mid-paper... plagued by internal conflicts among the rebels themselves. Strong leadership and evolving political organizations needed time to develop a platform on which all Eritreans and Southern Sudanese could unite for their long-awaited secessions to come to fruition. Bibliography Collins, Robert O. A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008.Connell, Dan. “Eritrea: A Revolution in Progress.” Monthly Review 45, no. 3 (1949): 1.Gebru, Tareke. The Ethiopian Revolutionary War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.Iyob, Ruth. Eritrea's struggle for independence: domination, resistance, nationalism, 1941-1993. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Jok, Jok Madut. Sudan: race, religion and violence. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2009. Kibreab, Gaim. Eritrea a dream deferred. Oxford: James Currey, 2009.