OsteoporosisOsteoporosis is a major type of bone disease that most commonly develops in adulthood in men and women, but can also affect younger people. This disease contributes to “…decrease bone mass, increase skeletal fragility and increase the risk of fractures…” (Caple & Schub. 2014). Bones are constantly being replaced by new bone, so they are living tissue. Osteoporosis ultimately occurs when new bone has failed to develop. In Canada, “1.5 million Canadians aged 40 years and older (10%) reported having been diagnosed with osteoporosis, of which women were 4 times more likely to report having osteoporosis than men men” (“What is the impact”, 2010) . Women are at greater risk than men because hormonal changes in women can affect bone density. Estrogen is essential for bone density, but after menopause levels decline resulting in bone loss. For men, however, the cause is still unknown. However, testosterone: the male hormone helps maintain healthy bones. Even though men still produce the male hormone in old age, there is still a risk of osteoporosis because the levels are decreased. Occasionally bone loss occurs without any cause and is later realized to be a silent phenomenon when symptoms eventually develop (“Osteoporosis – Review”, 2014). In most cases, osteoporosis is preventable, although it is not a reversible and harmful disease. Controlled Disease Risk Factors A couple of controllable risk factors in osteoporosis are inactive lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol intake (“Risk Factors of Osteoporosis,” 2013). Individuals who do not have an active lifestyle, such as the absence of a daily exercise routine, or who are even bedridden, are at risk of osteoporosis because any type of... means of paper.. tico in preventing osteoporosis and the development of fractures. One of the most important ways to prevent this disease is to already take calcium and vitamin D to build and maintain healthy bones. Using these supplements and following a healthy diet can help you get them and provide you with more useful nutrients. In following a healthy eating plan, you should take into consideration the amount of alcohol you drink because it can damage your bones, an action plan to quit smoking or stay away from smoking, and to start a daily exercise routine for yourself. Exercise is one of the best ways to improve your health by strengthening your bones, balance and coordination. It can prevent falls and can reduce the risk of fractures. Getting some type of exercise during your daily activities can reduce your chances of getting osteoporosis.