INTRO The failures of Henry Ford's Designs, as shown in the Fordlandia readings, revolved around the intersection of two opposing ways of seeing, being, thinking, and acting. The two intersecting perspectives were that of the "Ford way" and the other was that of Amazonian epistemology. These two different epistemologies created so much tension that one of them was forced to give in. This conflictual overlap brings up the question of whether Ford's failures with Fordlandia were due to a natural point of view or whether the defeat was considered more of a cultural issue. With Ford's incorporation of industrial capitalism and his arrogance in rejecting the use of professionals in his projects, we are able to witness and identify how Fordlandia's failures occurred and how nature overcame his energetic attempt to reshape nature. Shawn Miller's 2007 book titled An Environmental History of Latin America traces the history of Latin America and traces the interactions between nature and culture. Miller embraces four key factors: population, technology and attitudes towards nature and consumption. The focus remained on Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking societies and on chronological changes in Latin American history. Through seven chapters, Miller dedicates one chapter to analyzing how humans have used the environment to achieve their goals and another chapter to demonstrating how nature has disrupted the needs of humankind. In doing so, Miller is able to further his explanation of the metaphorical theater drama which states: "For the drama to be complete, we must place both nature and nurture in the roles of protagonists, as each has faced the other with health and disease. , help and harm, life and death" (p. 2). Miller concludes... halfway through the document... of the region" (p. 299). Grandin goes on to say, "Thus rubber trees in the Amazon grow best when they are relatively far from each other, about two or three per hectare, slowing the propagation and spread of fungi and insects that feed on their leaves" (p. 299 ). NATURE HAS TRIUMPHED CULTURE Greg Grandin's story revolves around Henry Ford's impulse to shape the world around him according to his values ​​and visions and Grandin describes the failure of Fordlandia as a "parable of arrogance" , but not entirely through Henry Ford's dream of Americanizing the Amazon. Rather, the "parable of hubris" is not that Henry Ford thought he could tame the Amazon but that he believed that the forces of capitalism, once unleashed, could still be contained" (p. 356). The Amazon, full of stories of human misery, inspired Henry Ford, but its complex ecology defeated him.