In this documentary report I will examine the account of Urban II's speech given to us by Fulcher of Chartres and evaluate its usefulness based on its probable reliability and to its concordance with other accounts of Urban's speech and the evidence we have from his letters. I will first look at who Fulcher of Chartres was, as his role in society is important in understanding how he might have learned of or been present at the council of Clermont. A brief look at Fulcher will also provide insight into what his views may have been and how these may influence his depiction of events. I will also consider the message as we see it in Fulcher's version of events and then the overall view we are given by the evidence. I will also examine the conclusions reached by "modern" scholars. Finally I will examine the results of this council and how well the results reflect the purposes we are told about in the accounts of the Council of Clermont. Fulcher of Chartres was educated by the Church of Chartres and traveled to the East with the entourage of Richard of Normandy and Stephen of Blois. He later followed Baldwin of Boulonge to Edessa when he broke away from the main body of Crusaders to found the first Crusader state. He was appointed chaplain to Baldwin in 1097. He was present at the council of Clermont in 1095 and provides us with one of the most reliable sources for Urban II's speech. Fulcher's version of Urban II's speech focuses first on Urban's reproaches to the French people for their infighting; He quotes Urban as addressing the council by saying, “Driven by necessity… come to these parts as an ambassador with a divine admonition.” He reports that the Pope complained about... half of paper... Accounts of eyewitnesses and participants, (Princeton: 1921), August 36-40. C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton: 1921), 42-43 Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos, 1, pp. 382 ff., trans. in Oliver J. Thatcher and Edgar Holmes McNeal, eds., A Source Book for Medieval History, (New York: Scribners, 1905), 513-17Dana C. Munro, “The Speech of Pope Urban II. At Clermont, 1095", The American Historical Review, vol. 11, no. 2 (January 1906), pp. 231-242 Dana C. Munro, "Urban and the Crusaders", Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, Vol 1:2, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1895), 5-8Fulcher of Chartres, History of the Jerusalem Expedition, 1095-1127, trans. Francis Rita Ryan, ed. Harold S. Fink, (Knoxville, 1969) http: //www.crusades-encyclopedia.com/fulcherofchartres.html
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