Through generalization, i.e. when a conditioned response occurs even though the conditioned stimulus is not present and is rather an object or element that can be related to the original conditioned stimulus, I think because pills they have a similar shape and are not considered easy to swallow. I generalized pills as similar to lifesavers and began to fear both pills and lifesavers (Powell et al., 2013, p. 140). Overall, although I realize that “such extreme and irrational fear reactions are known as phobias,” it is for this reason that I am not entirely sure what to do about them (Powell et al., 2013, p..