Domingo Sarmiento was a writer and educator who later presided over Argentina from 1868 to 1874. He wrote “Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism in 1845. Where he presented a subtle criticism of the gauchos (a South American cowboy who resided in the plains of Argentina) and their contributions to Latin America's progress or lack thereof. The image that is presented of Argentina in 1880 is not only critical, the author presents a clear distinction between the countryman and the city man, two classes in a single society. One is the city man of Buenos Aires, Cordoba and other cities and the other is the farmer or “gauchos” who lives in the surrounding plains or “Pampas”. Both are part of Argentine culture but do not participate equally in the progression of Argentine society. Which company you might ask? The society presented in the text is an Argentine society of the mid-19th century, with cities whose physiognomy is quite similar to all American cities. Sarmiento says they are similar because the population is “dispersed over a large area.” Unlike American cities, however, the city of Cordoba is more similar to a European city. Sarmiento claims that it is the "center of Argentine, Spanish, European civilization" because there are shops, schools, courts and therefore it is the place where cultured people are found. Sarmiento claims in the text (Facundo, 1845) that cities like Cordoba and Buenos Aires are surrounded by desert and in this faction are "surrounded" and "oppressed" by the desert. As if to say that these cities are the only cultural salvation buried in kilometers of desert because they possess those characteristics of what Sarmiento believes to be culture. He also mentions that these cities...... middle of paper......are presented in “Facundo” not only in a critical sense but also as a form of admiration. Sarmiento is trying to say that although the gaucho does not have the academic or cultural advances that city men have, he almost makes up for it with courage, with valor, he lives in a way that ensures that his next generations will live in the same conformity . . They will also possess the same strength. They will have the same lack of education and at the same time the same inflexible attitude towards the challenges of country life. For this reason Sarmiento has a certain admiration for the gaucho. Yet he implies that this will not be attributed to the progress of Argentina or South America as city men will because the gaucho lives for the gaucho, is disconnected from the needs of South America, and must engage in his current way of life to contribute to the progress of South America.