During the first two years of a child's life, his mind, body and self develop enormously. Already in the first “days of life, children pay attention to words and expressions, responding as much as their limited abilities allow” (Berger, 2008, p. 175). Newborns begin to learn “language before birth, through brain organization and auditory experiences during the last prenatal months” (Berger, 2008, p. 168). Babies actually begin their language learning process before birth; this happens during the fetal period where they are able to hear noises outside the uterus. Sometimes mothers talk to their womb and through this babies are able to distinguish and recognize voices and sounds. Although infants do not say words until age one, Hsu, Fogel, and Cooper (2000) state that “infants respond to adult noises and expressions (as well as to their own internal pleasures and pains) in many ways, crying , cooing, and making a variety of other sounds even in the first days of life” (p. 168). Berger states that “language develops through reinforcement, neurological maturation, and social motivation” (p. 203). Many theories attempted to explain how children learn language and where. B.F. Skinner found that "spontaneous attraction is usually reinforced" (p. 171) and "every time the baby says 'ma-ma-ma-ma,' a smiling mother appears, repeating the sound and showering the baby of attention, praise, and perhaps food” (p. 172) found that mothers often encourage their infant to repeat or make sounds by smiling, laughing, feeding, or praising him. another theory states that “all young children master basic grammar at about the same age,” and “Noam Chomsky and his followers felt that langue...... middle of paper ......d Development, 9, 1-16Huston, Aletha C., & Aronson, Stacey Rosenkrantz (2005). Mother's time with child and time at work as predictors of mother-child relationships and children's early development child, 76, 467-482.Li, Weilin; Farkas, George; Duncan, Greg J.; High-quality child care time and cognitive, language, and pre-academic development. Developmental psychology. Vol 49(8). Raikes, Helen, Luze, Gayle, Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, Raikes, H. Abigail, Pan, Barbara Alexander, Tamis-LeMonda, Catherine S., et al. (2006) Mother-child book reading in low-income families: Correlates and outcomes during the first three years of life. Child Development, 77, 924-953. Snow, David. (2006). Regression and reorganization of intonation between 6 and 23 months. Child development, 77, 281-296
tags