Every society has a culture, in fact, every human being is cultured. In our everyday use of the word "culture," we often simply refer to a custom or tradition of a certain group of people, or to the highest desirable quality we can acquire after making a hard effort such as playing the piano. However, the definition of culture is not so simple but refers to countless aspects of life that include all the simple elements as a whole (Linton, 1945). In general, social scientists often refer to Tylor's definition of culture when defining culture: "Culture... is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man." as a member of society" (Tylor, 1958, p. 1). Culture is learned through enculturation and commonly shared by members of society. Three types of culture are briefly discussed in this article which include dominant culture, subculture, and the counterculture. The first type of culture is the dominant culture. Most often, the dominant culture is reflected as orthodox and universal in society. 1996). Anthropologists normally defined them as ideal cultural models. For example, a complex society such as that of the United States is often taken into account for research purposes that represent the dominant culture. This implies that all aspects ranging from economics to politics... at the center of the paper...es reader, 2, 441-450.Linton, R. (1945). The cultural background of the personality. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Malinowski, B. (1939). The group and the individual in functional analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 44, 938-964.O' Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. A. (1996). Culture as social control: Corporations, sects, and commitment. In B. M. Staw & L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 18 (pp. 287-365). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.Schusky, E. L., & Culbert, T. P. (1967). Present the culture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Tylor, E. B. (1958). Primitive culture. New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks.Weaver, G. R. (1997). American cultural values. Intercultural Education, 14, 14-20.William, T. R. (1990). Cultural anthropology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Yinger, J. M. (1982). Countercultures. New York, NY: The Free Press.
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