Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have been a persistent problem in the United States for decades. Yang et al. (2013) stated that “nosocomial infections or healthcare-associated infections are defined as a localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent or its toxin. There must be no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of admission to intensive care." Even if infections occur within 48 hours of discharge from the hospital or a healthcare facility, then it is considered a healthcare associated infection (Daud-Gallotti et al., 2012). Healthcare-associated infections are easily preventable, yet are believed to be responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths in recent decades. They are known to increase rates of prolonged hospital stay, costs, morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmission (Montoya & Mody, 2011). When antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) are involved in these types of infections, rates increase further and usually cause many more deaths (Srigley, Lightfoot, Fernie, Gardam & Muller, 2013). Nosocomial infections can occur in any type of healthcare facility. It usually starts from cross-contamination from healthcare workers to the patient, however it can also come from other patients, dangerous medical procedures and contaminated surgical instruments. Healthcare workers play a leading role in preventing healthcare-associated infections. Srigley et al. (2013) stated that “hand hygiene of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered one of the most important interventions for the prevention of HAIs and AROs. However, healthcare workers' hand hygiene is generally poor, with an average compliance of 40%, and few interventions have been shown to produce significant and lasting improvements”.
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