The philosophy taught "the three submissions and four virtues," which held that women should submit to men in all stages of their lives as daughter, wife, and widow . Emperor Hsuan (73-48 BC) stated that "a wife does not commit a crime if she tries to hide her husband's crime... a husband is not allowed to hide a crime committed by his wife..." describing a clear bias against women this is still a current underlying problem in China. Women's greatest duty was motherhood for which they were respected, yet in all other aspects of their lives they were essentially instruments of society. Men were expected to be the breadwinners and take on physical occupations or intellectual pursuits in the case of upper-class men. These established gender roles have promoted gender stereotypes that continue to limit Chinese perceptions of both genders. Children were subject to the absolute control of their father who could order them to perform any task, determine their profession and education and punish them physically. Although Confucianism remained the official state philosophy until the end of imperial China, sexist views and family hierarchy remain ingrained in the mentality of many Chinese.