Hemodialysis is the process in which blood is transported outside the body to a dialysis machine where it is cleaned of waste products and returned to the circulatory system. It is a lifelong requirement. As a result of repeated and continued needle puncture of the affected blood vessels, thick scar tissue eventually develops, making the procedure difficult and painful. To avoid this complication, a surgical procedure known as arteriovenous fistula is performed. It produces a large vein that can be entered easily and safely with large needles for the procedure three times a week. The new techniques are aimed at improving the efficiency of dialysis and therefore increasing life expectancy, as 20% of people with end-stage renal disease die each year. Peritoneal dialysis. The peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity. The tissue has the properties of a semipermeable membrane, allowing the process of diffusion into the abdominal cavity. An incision is made through the anterior abdominal muscle wall; a tube (catheter) is inserted into the abdominal space through this opening. Sterile dialysate (a solution to remove waste products) is introduced and allowed to remain in the cavity for four to six hours or overnight. During this time, through the process of diffusion, impurities pass through the peritoneum into the dialysate. The collected dialysate and impurities are then eliminated from the body. Kidney transplant, when possible, is the best alternative for end-stage renal disease. Often the body rejects the kidney, and when this happens the recipient must undergo a drug regimen to suppress the immune system. Relatives are advised to donate the liver so that the body has less chance of rejecting the kidney. The comparison with a kidney transplant on dialysis presents advantages that positively impact the person's medical and professional rehabilitation potential. The person with the