Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men globally after lung cancer (WCRF International) and in Australia accounts for 30 % of all new cancers in men and 13.4% of all cancer deaths in men (Cancer Australia). Currently, prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used serum biomarker for prostate cancer used routinely by urologists. However, PSA-based screening has been shown to have a high number of false positives and false negatives with low specificity and cannot distinguish well between cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia or between indolent and aggressive tumors, thus leading to overtreatment , particularly to unnecessary biopsies. (Otero) (Qian). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new specific biomarker for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, and effective biomarkers will be able to reduce morality rates and appropriate clinical interventions can be applied. Several approaches have been tested to discover new biomarkers for prostate cancer detection, and there has been success in this field with specific markers found such as PCA3 (FDA approved) and the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene having synergistic sensitivity when both are tested in combination for prostate cancer (Otero) (Dijkstra). In prostate cancer research, the drug Docetaxel is used effectively in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer known as castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC). However, patients eventually develop resistance and the search for a biomarker of disease and drug resistance in prostate cancer is required (O'neill) (O'connell). A mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of drug-resistant, parental, and docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines found that… in the middle of the article… in the identified proteins there is the potential to act as biomarkers for prostate cancer. In summary, future research in the field of biomarker discovery needs validation regarding the use of cell lines as a model and the proteomic techniques used. For example, having a nonmalignant control in addition to tumor cell lines is critical because, although the cell lines represent the tumors from which they originated (Sardana), the candidate markers discovered may not be commonly expressed in other prostate cancer cells nor have the ability to discriminate between tumor cells and non-malignant cells (Johnson) (Hosseini-Beheshti). The discovery of new prostate cancer-specific biomarkers has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency and decrease mortality (Soliman), and therefore should be pursued to provide validation on current limitations.