During World War I, Europe and France force Arab nationalism to remove the Turks from Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. Arab countries gained independence from Europe in many ways. After World War I, the League of Nations established the French protectorate over Syria and Lebanon. Protectorates hand over control and protection to another. The rest of the area was under British protection. The French encouraged republican governments while the English ensured the survival of the kingdoms. Jordan is still a monarchy, Iraq was until 1958, and the small emirs near the Persian Gulf were under traditional local rulers. Seven emirs united to form the United Arab Emirates. A homeland for the Jews was formed which became known as the State of Israel in