There are some housing areas that are surrounded by a lot of crime and violence. Boyd (2015) points out that some urban neighborhoods are “hotspots” of violence and “experience the highest levels of violent crime” and at the same time “are also characterized by high poverty levels and cents, racial segregation, youth populations and single-parent families” (p. 320). The Scarborough street where Gangaram lived was where the worst shooting in Canada had occurred several years earlier. This shooting occurred after a neighborhood barbecue. The result was the death of several people and the injury of many others (Gillis, 2015). According to Boyd, a high concentration of poor results in a higher rate of violent crime (Boyd, 2015). In this case, Gangaram and Allen are unemployed, have a low income and a low level of education. Furthermore, Gangaram was a single parent (Gillis, 2015). Furthermore, Emily M. Wright and Michael L. Benson (2010) state that economic difficulties affect partner relationships, causing stress and can lead to physical violence. Stable families need a minimum economic level