The origin of religion dates back to prehistory, when the first people of China sought answers to the same fundamental questions that have baffled man throughout time: what is the invisible force that brings 'darkness and light, winters and summers, drought and rain, life and death: what must men do to appease this force (Schafter 60-61)? Ancient China has three main religions: Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Confucius was primarily concerned with laws made by people and whether people were naturally good or naturally evil. Confucius, a major system of thought in China, developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples and concerned with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships (Creel 18). Confucius reached his greatest prominence during the Han Dynasty, between 200 BC and 200 AD (Creel 19). It influenced Chinese attitudes towards life, established life patterns and standards of social values (Hinnelles 354). Although Confucius became the official ideology of the Chinese state, it never existed as an established religion with a church and priesthood (Ammann). Confucius later became a basis for education, and a collection of Confucius' writings known as the "Classics" were used for Chinese memorization and recited in exams (blue.butler.edu). Confucius provides the foundation for Chinese political theories and institutions still used in China today. In contrast, Lao Tzu's followers believed that universal laws, and not human laws, guided people. This was the basis for Taoism becoming a religion around the Eastern Han Dynasty. Taoism developed at the same time as Confucianism (blue.butler.edu). Taoists sought to live a life of simplicity and meditation close to nature. Taoism was mystical and influenced by ancient Chinese folk religion (Williams 18). His followers used magic, as well as prayer and diet to seek inner youth (Williams 18). Taoists were peaceful people who generally lived peaceful lives (Williams 19). Tao originally meant "road" and was then implied to "rule" and "principle" (Watt 21). The Tao is the origin of the internal world. It is unlimited in time and space. Ordinary people can become gods when they have the Tao. Taoism pursues immortality and the preservation of health; his ultimate goal is to become an immortal being. Taoism states that this can be achieved by cultivating one's moral character and perfecting one's moral integrity (http://ssd.cas.pacificu.edu). Unlike Buddhism, Taoism does not support simplicity, however it keeps an open mind to sexual characteristics. Buddhism did not arrive in a land free from religion and philosophy, China, in fact it had three main rival currents of thought: Confucianism, Taoism and popular religion..
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