By 1875, both North and South America were ready to abandon their commitment to equality for all citizens regardless of race. Emancipation had been lost, and once-popular support for Reconstruction was fading; Southern whites despised it while Northern whites grew weary of its enormous cost. Almost instantly, infamous societies began to appear, especially in the South, where citizens dedicated themselves to restoring white supremacy in politics and social life as seen before the Civil War. The resurgence of white supremacy in the South, particularly the Ku Klux Klan, was accompanied by increased forced racial segregation under Jim Crow laws that legally segregated blacks and whites in virtually all public places. By 1885 essentially all Southern states now had officially segregated public schools. Furthermore, in 1896 the United States Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson established the infamous “separate but equal” doctrine that would later define race relations. “Slavery is abolished; but police ordinances issued to support slavery have n...