Topic > Expressives in Indirect Speech Acts - 568

Although our group had a presentation of indirect speech acts in class, I still want to discuss one of the indirect speech acts in detail: expressives. The frequency of utterances is high in all presentations of our three groups, so I want to provide further analysis and discuss its implications in people's everyday conversations. In the following paragraphs I will first show the definition of expressives and explain it with some examples. Then I will discuss its implications and functions in social interaction or everyday conversations. Expressive is a type of illocutionary acts and represents the intentions behind the words. Austin divided utterances into three types, and Searle developed illocutionary acts into five types. This classification focuses more on functions rather than shapes. In the words of Searle (1976), expressives are intended to express the speaker's feelings (i.e. apologize, praise, congratulate, thank). In our Two Broke Girls group examples, Caroline said, “You know, just having nice clothes takes hours of free time to get dressed.” This is a type of indirect expressives. Caroline expresses her depression indirectly and makes fun of her current situation. Imagine that she was a millionaire and didn't need to worry about the problem of lack of good clothes. However, now she is just a waitress and doesn't even have a place to live and Max takes her in then. Therefore, she wants to make a positive impression on Max and please him. Another example is that after falling into the shit, Caroline screams and asks Max to tell me it's mud. T-tell me it's mud. In Two Broke Girls, Caroline loves cleanliness and cares about her appearance. He requests Max directly and shows his feelings indirectly. He can't accept the fact that it's mud instead of shit and wants to get Max to convince himself that it's not true. In fact, it feels really terrible and disgusting. The two examples indicate that sometimes people express their attitudes or feelings indirectly to make a good impression on others or to avoid the facts. According to Yule (1996), expressives try to adapt words to the world, which means that its functions depend on the context. In example 1, if people don't know Caroline's background information, they might think she's showing off her dress. It implies that we should not judge someone only with one-sided words when interacting with others.