In 2007, seventy percent of malaria cases were found in Africa. (Sadasivaiah, 2007) Eleven countries in Africa, 7 in Asia and 5 in Latin America use dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT for vector control (Turusov, 2002). DDT's use has been banned in the United States and other countries and is one of 12 chemicals identified as a persistent organic pollutant that can be harmful to humans and animals. However, in many parts of the world, DDT is the most effective and efficient way to kill the vectors that carry malaria. (WHO, 2007). The World Health Organization (“WHO”) determined in 2000 that a reevaluation of studies showed that exposure levels reported in previous studies were below levels of human health concern (WHO, 2007). WHO reevaluates every two years whether the use of DDT for ISR continues to be a safe and effective control. There are many factors to consider when making this decision. Toxicological effects on humans and the environment should be of great concern. It is important to understand how DDT affects the body. DDT can be very toxic to both humans and animals which is why there is concern about continuing to use this chemical. This concern has led to its limited and restricted use. It continues to be used because it is so effective in some parts of the world where other methods have failed, and the costs of malaria outweigh the risks of using DDT. DDT can be toxic to humans because humans store the compound in body fat. In fact “no living organism can be considered free of DDT” (Turusov, 2002). Studies have shown that there are residues of DDT in human milk and mothers then pass the substance on to their children. This is believed to be a factor in the increase in cases of several types of cancer and h...... half of article ......pg249.s1AAgency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry[ATSDR].(2002 ). Toxicological profile of DDT, DDE and DDD. Washington DC. Public Health Service: Department of Health and Human Services.CDC (2010). Documentation for concentrations immediately dangerous to life or health: DDT. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/50293.HTMLWorld Health Organization [WHO]. (2007). The use of DDT in malaria vector control: WHO position statement. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2007/WHO_HTM_GMP_2007_eng.pdfVladimir Turusov, Valery Rakitsky, Lorenzo Tomatis, “Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Ubiquity, Persistence, and Risks,” Environmental Health Perspectives, VOLUME 110 | NUMBER 2 | February 2002 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240724/pdf/ehp0110-000125.pdf