Many women nowadays face comments against their intelligence, but where exactly does this idea come from? In the late 1800s, a professor of clinical surgery at the Paris Faculty of Medicine named Paul Broca concluded that women were less intelligent than men. His conclusion was based on brain mass among different male and female subjects. However, its data failed to show each subject's brain size, age, subjects' height and weight, and cause of death. Without this data, someone like Stephen Jay Gould would be able to demonstrate that Broca's conclusion is incorrect. The problem with Broca's conclusion was not that it was completely inaccurate, but that many people took it into account. Women would have been able to showcase their talent but were hampered by numbers. An example of this is when “theologians had asked whether women had souls… Some scientists were ready to deny them human intelligence” (Gould 519). Downgrading women in this way also allowed society to grasp the concept. This concept would be carried forward to the present day where some societies still believe that women are not intelligent and do not have much value other than carrying a child and staying at home doing housework. Most of this degradation happens in places like the Middle East, but it still happens in the United States. Women nowadays will fight to prove