Question n. 2: Identify similarities and differences between theory X and theory Y, the Pygmalion effect, and the self-concept. Oxford dictionaries define attitude as a stable way of thinking or feeling towards someone or something, typically a feeling that is reflected in a person's behavior (Attitude, n.d.). There are numerous human attitude and behavior hypotheses regarding how leaders interact with followers that can predict the productivity and success levels of both in their roles. As indicated by Lussier and Achua (2013), “successful leaders have positive and optimistic attitudes” (p. 49). This essay will identify how Theory X, Theory Y, the Pygmalion Effect, and the self-concept are similar and different. Furthermore, some observed examplesAs indicated by Lussier and Achua (2013), "The Pygmalion effect proposes that leaders' attitudes and expectations toward followers, and their treatment of them, explain and predict behavior and performance of followers" (p.50) . Theory X, Theory Y, and the Pygmalion Effect are similar because they focus on the leader's attitude toward followers. For example, with Theory X, Theory Y, and the Pygmalion effect, a change in a manager's or leader's attitude from either Theory Managers setting higher expectations and better treatment of followers can result in better productivity and productivity. A work group with long-term negative work attitude problems and less than stellar performance was transferred to this author's scope of authority from another department in the organization. The work group consisted of three employees and a foreman. The team supervisor exhibited attributes of a Theory X belief system and was very vocal about dislike of the work. True to Theory X leadership characteristics, team personnel were closely monitored in all aspects of their daily activities by the supervisor in an autocratic manner. Cross-training staff in each other's tasks was not a priority for the Theory