Vygotsky stated that “learning occurs because we interact with our environment”, this means that we do not learn because we have developed, but that we develop because we learn. In order to learn we must be presented with tasks that are beyond the reach of our current capabilities, tasks that are too simple or already within our current capabilities do not promote learning. Tasks that are too complex become frustrating and also do not promote learning. Tasks in the Zone of Proximal Development are things we can do almost alone, but we still need the help of others to complete the task. After the help of others, we should eventually be able to do the tasks ourselves. For example, there is a boy named Johnny who can't swim. If he had tried to swim, he would most likely have drowned. But if Johnny has the help of his swimming instructor he will soon be able to learn to swim. In this scenario swimming will be in Johnny's Zone of Proximal Development, because it is a task he cannot do alone but can accomplish with the encouragement and guidance of someone else. However, unlike Piaget, he stated that cognitive development tends towards “independence”. Where children can build knowledge on their own. Vygotsky said that the environment in which children grow up will always have an influence on what