Civilization leads humans to an unhealthy form of self-love centered on vanity, jealousy, and pride. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that this unhealthy self-love emerged when human beings went to live in cities, as they lived by "bad habits", vices and comparisons. As a result, he believed that a natural education aided a child's development as it encouraged happiness, wonder, and spontaneity. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wanted children not to be influenced by society; therefore, a child who is not raised in society will emerge and grow up without any corruption. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay During the 18th century, children were treated like miniature adults. Their nature and basic needs were not met. Because they were treated like little men and little women, they were trained to behave and practice the same ideas as adults. As a result, Rousseau wanted to free the child. He saw the child as different from the adult, innocent and vulnerable who deserves to be happy and to be free. He reversed the universal order, his educational theory consisted of the study of the nature of the child. He thus became the inventor of education in children's centers. Through his book Émile wrote all his concerns about the child and his goals regarding education. He was a nature lover so his teaching also consisted of the appreciation of nature. Maria Montessori was also inspired by Rousseau's way of teaching, in fact in 1906 she opened a school called Casa dei Bambini where she believed that education helps bring out the inner individuality of children and that nature shows children new experiences. When he wrote his book Émile, he wrote about his ideas about education and the role society has on children. When it appeared in 1762 it caused a great scandal. The Archbishop of Paris, seeing in it a dangerous and spiteful work and contrary to the Christian religion, ordered the book to be burned and Jean-Jacques Rousseau was banished from Geneva. However, the book scandal attracted more public attention and mothers were won over and began to breastfeed their babies and great lords began to learn trades, like Rousseau's imaginary pupil. It therefore became the most significant book on education since Plato's Republic. Johann Bernhard Basedow was one of the first to write important books to demonstrate that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas could be applied in reality, in 1774 together with Christian Heinrich Wolke he founded an institution in Dessau which they called The Philanthropinum. It was open to students of all beliefs and nationalities and aimed to make study easy and pleasant, following the indications of nature itself. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi also saw his life transform after reading Emile, in 1775 he founded a school where he taught practice his progressive and professional teaching method based on Rousseau's ideas in his book. Pestalozzi's work was followed by Fredrich Frobel, who founded primary schools or kindergartens known as nurseries where his modern education was based on children's abilities and their unique needs. Consequently, all these works were a fruitful development of the seed sown by the book Émile by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that it was possible to preserve the original nature of the child by controlling his education and environment. tells of how the child is taken away from his parents and schools, isolated from society, and entrusted to the hands of a guardian, who raises him in contact withwonders and beauties of nature. Rousseau divides Émile into five phases, four which concern Émile's education and the last phase concerns the education of the young girl who will become his wife. So, through this imaginary student Rousseau presents his ideas on how a child goes through education. In Émile, Rousseau believes that the best way a child learns is through stages. The first stage - (from birth to two years) infancy, talks about the importance of mothers and their role in breastfeeding their children, the meaning of children's tears and cries and how to pay close attention and not pamper children . He recommends letting your child loose, not wearing tight clothes, and playing outdoors to gain a better understanding of nature. The second stage: (two to twelve) The age of nature, where Rousseau wanted the child to learn through negative education that is, learning through appreciation and experience rather than providing knowledge directly. Therefore, Rousseau believed that books were not important since a child who reads does not learn things but only learns words. Therefore, at this stage curiosity takes its place and causes the activity of the mind. Here Émile learns to handle the spade, the hammer and the hoe so that these objects lead him to learn to count, measure and weigh. The child is able to learn to observe, compare objects and judge distances. This is the most important period of human life as the child is allowed to experience new situations and learn from mistakes. The third stage – (from twelve to fifteen) The age of reason, where Rousseau believed that only at this age does the child begin to reason. Here the child can learn geography, history and science. At this stage Émile had to learn on his own and depend on his opinions rather than those of others. The fourth phase: puberty (from fifteen to twenty years old), in this phase the child is no longer a child but feelings begin to emerge. The body, senses and brain develop in this way, they are ready to be educated in life with others and in social relationships. The Final Phase – (twenty to twenty-five) Adulthood At this point Émile meets Sophie where he learns about love and is ready to return to society. In short, Rousseau discusses his beliefs about the education of the young woman. She argues that women need less education and should learn how to be mothers and how to bear their husbands' wrongs without complaining. Jean-Jacques Rousseau brought a new era in education and his influence is evident even today. Rousseau explains that education is life itself, not a preparation for a future state. His focus is on the child and how he should be treated. He was against the teaching methods they used because he believed that children should take pleasure in their learning. He argued that in the beginning the child should only play and do sports as they help him grow up healthy and strong. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the real reason for learning was the desire to know and experience it. There are more important aspects that have influenced education, some of them are: Children develop through different stages, so each one must be presented with different types of education of them. Every mind has its own shape', hence the education must be individualized. The power of the environment, as it helps to enrich the child's interest by developing new opportunities and experiences. The important role of the educator, the one who creates the environment to accompany children and not impose their ideas . The importance of children making sense of and developing their own ideas through their own life experience. The children.