Deblinger, McCleer, and Henry (1990) demonstrated that trauma-focused CBT that included anxiety management components (e.g., coping skills training and joint work with parents) that children aged 3 to 16 were effective in reducing PTSD symptoms because the client was able to externalize their symptoms rather than keep them inside. Components of CBT include psychoeducation, life activity/resumption planning, imaginal reliving (including writing and drawing techniques), cognitive restructuring followed by integration of restructuring into reliving, revisiting the trauma site, discrimination of stimuli with respect to traumatic memories, direct work with nightmares, image transformation techniques; behavioral experiments and work with parents at all stages (Yule, Smith and Perrin,