Before making an arrest, the police officer must have valid reasons to make an arrest and then report the crime to the justice system. In his article “Study Finds Racial Disparity in Criminal Prosecutions,” James McKinley Jr. (2014) uses quotes from attorneys, executive directors, and historians to analyze the continued persistence of this failed criminal justice system. It quotes Donna Lieberman, executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, as saying, "The study raised troubling questions about the NYPD's policy of making numerous misdemeanor arrests in high-crime neighborhoods, under so-called broken windows. ". theory." This theory holds that if minor crimes are not stopped, more serious crimes are more likely to occur. Lieberman goes on to state that “this policy has led to many black and Hispanic urban residents having long arrest records, making them more difficult to pay bail and receive a sentence other than prison” (McKinley, 2014). Police officials have a misconception that the tendency of poor people is to commit serious and dangerous crimes. Therefore, police officers are vigilant carefully on poor neighborhoods and they made numerous arrests for minor crimes, under the so-called broken windows theory. The procedure led to many black and Hispanic residents of the city having long arrest records