A human DNA will then be chosen, in which biologists have identified and isolated the gene of interest using probes or antibodies. This gene of interest is incorporated into the plasmid cuts. These new plasmids are mixed and taken up by bacterial cells under appropriate conditions. As these bacterial cells reproduce, plasmids containing the gene of interest will be copied and transferred to the bacterial progeny. Genes are segments of chromosomes that code for specific polypeptide or RNA molecules. Plasmids are small loops of DNA separated by bacterial chromosomes or viral vectors. Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA in highly specific areas that always contain the same sequence