It is a critical skill for success in society and an essential part of literacy. In the Australian Curriculum, literacy is defined as “the knowledge and skills that students need to access, understand, analyze and evaluate information, make meaning, express thoughts and emotions, present ideas and opinions, interact with others and participate in activities at school and in their lives beyond school” (Australian Curriculum and Reporting Authority, 2016). It involves a person drawing on prior knowledge and relating it to "variables such as the reader's background, classroom context, reading materials, developmental levels, teacher instructional styles, and learning objectives" (Blair, Rupley and Nichols, 2007, p.437 ). Analyzing the research on how children learn to read and the most effective way to teach them, explicit instruction is “the most effective method” (Hempenstall (2016,