Africa is the continent with the lowest average level of development. The cause of the continent's lack of development is still the subject of debate today. According to Amartya Sen, development is the measure of "freedom", or the ability to improve one's situation, in a region. From an economic point of view, development is determined by two main factors: the human development index (HDI) and the gross domestic product (GDP). The low levels of development of African nations lead to social and structural problems such as unequal distribution of income and the existence of dualism, the economic separation of the urban and rural sectors. These problems hinder the country's ability to develop. However, there are several development models and theories such as the linear growth stage model structural change theory, international dependency theory and neoclassical theories. (Child 2013) The term development does not only refer to the economy, but also refers to education, healthcare, infrastructure, environmental conservation and freedom of expression. Although GDP only considers a country's economic development, it is still useful because it describes a country's status in relation to its neighbors and future development. GDP measurements allow economists to compare the costs of products in different countries through purchasing power parity (PPP). This helps determine the value of a country's currency from an international perspective. The HDI, on the other hand, was created by Sen to encompass three main components of development, mainly healthcare, education and US dollar monetary wealth. To quantify these dimensions the HDI uses “life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling (expected… middle of paper…) states that the economic structure of the country should be transformed from an agricultural economy of subsistence to a modern and industrialized economy. International dependency theory was formulated in response to the failure of several attempts to restructure African economies. He suggests that the reason for Africa's inability to mobilize economically is its dependence on wealthy nations, who wish to maintain dominance. for financial support. As a result of this theory, questions have arisen about who is responsible for Africa's unstable state. Neoclassical theories suggest that development will take place when national and international governments do not intervene in the economy and open up freely. Although each theory seems thorough, it cannot be applied to all African economies due to differences in culture and economic structure ( Child 2013)