Business ManagementThe world of business has undergone radical and dramatic changes over the past decade, changes that present extraordinary challenges for the contemporary manager. A manager is a member of the organization responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organization's activities so that objectives can be achieved. According to a widely cited study by Henry Mintzberg, managers play three main roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Management is the process of administering and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achieve the organization's objectives. The concept of management within an organization typically occurs in an organizational context. Organizations involve a group of individuals working together towards common goals. The concept of management within an organization can also be seen as a context as well as a process. Within the management process there are four main functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Managers at all levels of the organizational hierarchy must engage in planning. Planning involves setting goals and defining the actions needed to achieve them. In planning, the top-level manager establishes the overall goals and strategies of the organization. On the other hand, other managers in the hierarchy develop operational plans for their work groups, which are responsible for helping the organization. All managers must develop objectives that support the organization's overall strategy. Organization involves determining the tasks to be performed, who will perform them, and how those tasks will be managed and coordinated. Managers of an organization must put together a work team so that adequate information, resources and tasks can flow correctly and efficiently within an organization. Managers should be able to guide members of their work groups towards achieving the organization's goals. Leadership is defined as motivating and directing organizational members so that they contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. For leaders and managers to be effective they must understand the dynamics of individual and group behavior, be able to motivate their employees and be effective communicators. It is said that a good... half of the paper... using job rotation; Job rotation is the assignment of jobs to individuals in a variety of job positions once they have mastered the original job. Another way to help an organization or manager manage quality is to assign self-managing teams. A self-managing team is a group of employees who design their job responsibilities to achieve the team's self-determined goals and objectives. With these teams the organization may be able to run more smoothly and there will be less pressure on the middle manager or first line manager. Finally, another way to control quality effectively is to use total quality management (TQM). Total quality management is a systematic approach to improving products, services, processes and operational quality control. Quality is a very important thing in an organization; therefore it is not possible to substantially improve the quality of a product or service without major changes in all aspects of the organization. Because quality is so important, if changes are not made throughout the organization, the product output will not be very successful. Everyone in the organization plays a role.
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