Existing influenza viruses in birds continue to be a source of a diverse combination of antigenic subtypes including 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and 9 neuraminidase (NA) and represent a large reservoir of new antigens to which the human population is naive [1,2](1)) (Seasonal influenza epidemics represent a serious public health problem, accounting for five million severe cases worldwide [1]( 4))(Each year, influenza A types cause human epidemics responsible for significant mortality and morbidity, particularly in high-risk groups, such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.(5)).(3)) (The Il Influenza virus is one of the most devastating viral diseases as it is highly contagious and spreads easily in the form of aerosols and causes acute viral respiratory diseases and mortality in susceptible groups. In order to prevent the spread of seasonal or pandemic influenza epidemics, vaccination It is potent and half cost-effective [1](15)) (Protection against the influenza virus is mediated mainly by antibodies against the viral hemagglutinin (HA) [2,3]), HA is the main glycoprotein of the virion surface and is responsible for the attachment and penetration of viral particles into cells during the initial stages of infection.((5)((8)) (Effective prophylactic influenza vaccines stimulate efficient HA-specific systemic antibodies, which can bind to the virus and inhibit early events in influenza virus infection.(6)) Different types of influenza vaccines are available such as subunit [7-10], attenuated [11,12] and inactivated[14], although the inactivated ones are the most widely used in the commercial scale [6]. ((12) (the main substrate for the preparation of inactivated influenza vaccines is the embryonated chicken egg.((1) (In c...... in the center of the sheet ...... the strain of baculovirus P1 In Sf-900 III The medium was prepared, as appropriate, to do this, 0.25 ml of the baculovirus stock were sequentially diluted in 2.25 ml of Sf-900 medium from 10 to 8 are were used in our assay. Remove the medium from each well, replace it immediately with 1 ml of the appropriate virus dilution and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature containing 12.5 ml of 4% low melting point agarose. and 37.5 ml of Sf-.900III was prepared and incubated in a 40°C water bath until use. After 1 hour of incubation, the medium containing the virus was removed and replaced with 2 ml of Medium. plating. Agarose overlay allowed at room temperature until hardened. Plates were incubated in a humidified incubator at 27°C for 7–10 days. To improve the visualization of the plaques, the plates were stained with 0.5 ml of neutral red solution (1 mg/). ml). (21)
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