Human Communication Studies The last century has been extremely productive when it comes to the analysis and description of human communication. Building on the ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure, early structuralists delineated the phonological and morphological building blocks of speech by refining and applying the concepts of phoneme and morpheme. In addition to the rigorous description of hundreds of indigenous languages, anthropological linguists using this dataset have worked on the problem of linguistic histories and the division of current languages into related language families with the concomitant contribution to cultural history. Another result was the demonstration that not only was language separate from physical type, but it was also of equivalent complexity regardless of cultural complexity; according to the expression of Edward Sapir (1921): "The humblest South African bushman speaks in the forms of a rich symbolic system which is in its essence perfectly comparable to the language of the cultured Frenchman". followed Noam Chomsky (1957) to the processes by which sentences are generated from an underlying assemblage of semantic, syntactic, and phrasal elements and their rearrangements through transformational cognitive processes. For both of these approaches - structural and generative - the symbolic role of communicative forms had a marginal role. There was a concern for meaning, but it was limited to its use:1 as part of a method for discovering linguistic units2 as a lexical labeling element to prevent the generation of semantically inappropriate sentences such as "She's not heavy, she's my sister" not it should be ge...... middle of paper ...... and the restrictions of life are absent, but it is the symbolic dimension that is of interest here. Dominant are the symbolic values of creativity, spontaneity, freedom and play. These symbolic attributes are present in real human interaction, but in a virtual realm there are no limits other than non-disclosure and abusiveness for which a member could be censored and even banned. The virtual realm is valued as an improved human condition. The technological ability to build and maintain this type of activity creates a new set of symbols or at least a new dimension of the symbols of human life. Presenting yourself as an animal avatar may be no different than performing as a mummer in an animal costume. According to Boellstorff, in Second Life there is a seriousness and commitment to appearance that seems to be a potential rejection of one's real face.
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