Professor Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow, writes that America's existing racial caste system reflects Jim Crow laws that were "separate but equal ” from the time of the Civil War until the passage of the Civil Rights Acts in the mid-1960s and continuing today. She graduated from Stanford Law School and Vanderbilt University and clerked for Justice Harry A. Blackmun on the U.S. Supreme Court and Chief Judge Abner Mikva on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She later joined the faculty of Sanford Law School as director of the Civil Rights Clinic before receiving a Soros Justice Fellowship and appointments at the Moritz College of Law and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at The Ohio State University. . Professor Alexander argued civil rights cases in private practice while associated with the law firm Saperstein, Goldstein, Demchak & Baller, with additional advocacy through the nonprofit sector, as Director of the Racial Justice Project for the ACLU of California northern.Alexander attempts to show through cultural and historical review, policy decisions, enactment of laws, and statistical evidence dating back to the days of the old Jim Crow laws, the delayed advancement of civil rights of young black men and their mass incarceration. This event produces a false reality and perpetuates the history of racial discrimination that exists in America today through a “caste system” through a legal framework that masquerades as the “War on Drugs.” The practice of mass incarceration labels and demonizes these people to the point that they lose the right to vote, limit employment, are denied housing and education... middle of paper... and their survival as a group in society due to the federal government's restriction on their ability to bring their situation to court. The author transitions past and present signatures of Jim Crow and New Jim Crow with the suggestion that New Jim Crow, through mass incarceration and racism as a whole, marginalizes and relegates Blacks to residential, educational, and constitutionally endowed of the country. The final chapter of The New Jim Crow examines how the black community might respond to the racism that exists today. Some research implies that we have reached an attrition point in America regarding incarceration and that the positive effects outweigh the negative effects of marginalization and collateral damage to the community. According to some research, the “War on Drugs” causes poverty, unemployment, family breakdown and crime.