Not only did education provide Africans with a means to rise above their traditional ways (as intended by colonial powers), but it also created class division. As Cooper states: “The sudden effort to promote secondary and university education in the 1950s and 1960s gave Africa a substantial class of people conversant with literature, science and technology, and with ambition learn more… As the twenty-first century begins, an education of sufficient quality to provide professional opportunities has increasingly become a privilege for the children of those already in that position.” Although there was a "considerable class of people" who received an education in the 1950s and 1960s, there were still quite a large number of people who did not. The trend highlighted is that of a growing gap between those who can afford a decent education and those who cannot. Clearly, education was a form of sociability