MATERIALS AND METHODSThis prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from September 2012 to October 2013 and included patients undergoing microincision cataract surgery (MICS) at the Hospital Virgen de los Lirios. The study recruited 60 eyes of 41 patients. Eligible patients were those aged 65 to 80 years with senile cataract and no other concomitant disease precluding postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better. Exclusion criteria included history of ocular surgery or trauma, corneal disease, glaucoma, uveitis, vitreous opacity, retinopathy, or visual pathway defects. Other exclusion criteria were ongoing treatment with systemic steroids, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants or prostaglandin analog eye drops. Patients with intraoperative complications or prolonged surgical time were also excluded. After obtaining informed consent, participants with a history of penicillin allergy were assigned to the vancomycin group (Group 1). An equal number of patients were randomly selected and assigned to the control group (Group 2). Information collected from patients included date of birth, sex, history of drug allergies and systemic diseases, medication use, and surgeon. Patients in Group 1 received an intracameral injection of vancomycin (1 mg in 0.1 ml), while those in Group 2 received an intracameral injection of cefuroxime (1 mg in 0.1 ml). Vancomycin injection was prepared from commercially available 500 mg vancomycin hydrochloride powder (Combino Pharm SL, Barcelona, ​​Spain) and diluted with balanced salt solution (BSS®, Alcon Cusí, Barcelona, ​​Spain) until a 1 mg/0.1 ml solution is obtained. Similarly, cefuroxime injection was prepared from 750 mg cefuroxime powder (Laboratorios Ramón Sala......middle of paper......r no flare, grade 1 to barely detectable, grade 2 for obvious flare with clearly visible iris details, grade 3 for marked flaring and not clearly visible iris details, grade 4 for presence of plastic water and fibrin in the anterior chamber. Statistical analysis Data were coded and analyzed using the package SPSS Statistics (version 21.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Comparability between groups for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Changes in UCVA, refraction, BCVA, corneal pachymetry, IOP and endothelial cell count between preoperative examinations. and postoperative were calculated using the paired t test. Comparisons between groups were performed using the unpaired t test for continuous variables and Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables.