“The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 made it unlawful to access personal medical information for any reason other than the provision of health care, operations and from reimbursements” (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. “HIPAA legislation imposes strict controls on the transfer of personally identifiable health information between two entities, provisions for disclosure of protected information, and criminal penalties for violations” (Clayton 2001) .“HIPAA also has privacy requirements that govern the disclosure of patient protected health information (PHI) entered into the medical record by physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers” (Buck, 2011). a patient's health or treatment is a violation of HIPAA. “All protected health information is included in the privacy requirements, such as: the patient's past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition; the provision of health care to the individual or past, present or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual and which identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe that it can be used to identify the individual individual” (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patient's name, address, date of birth, and social security number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word Count 197) There have been some ethical questions regarding the development and use of the technology, which would consist of some advances, such as "when in vitro fertilization is applied in medical practice and leads to the production of supernumerary embryos, the moral question it is what to do with these embryos” (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182) Regarding the ethical dilemmas that come into play with “genetic mapping of humans, genetic cloning, stem cell research, and other areas.” of growing interest to scientists” (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). “Life support technology raises serious ethical issues, especially in medical decisions regarding the continuation or termination of mechanical support, particularly when a patient exists. in a permanent vegetative state” (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). Health care budgets are limited throughout the world, making progress difficult but even more difficult to develop with limitations. Which brings us back to “social, ethical and legal constraints, public and private insurers are faced with the problem of deciding whether or not to cover new treatments” 188. Similarly as mentioned before decisions on “new techniques reproductive such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization (ICSIIVF), new predictive molecular genetic tests for hereditary breast cancer and newer drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra) for sexual dysfunction” (Giacomini, 2005).