For the third lesson, beware of the “political idea trap,” Wakatabe warned that once bad or negative ideas spread, it would be difficult to erase them. During the second and third lessons, the author stated that "bad ideas", defeatism or political nihilism, for example, can creep into media discourse and can be shared "not only among politicians but with economists and the media”. (p158) But I wondered to what extent those bad ideas would affect reality