While early warning saved thousands of people, the Japan Meteorological Agency underestimated this earthquake as Japan's subduction zone is not expected to produce a magnitude 9.0 earthquake (Oskin, 2013a). The Tohoku earthquake and related tsunami killed around 16,000 people, injured 6,000 and around 3,000 were missing. Most of the people drowned. About 300 thousand buildings, 4000 roads, 78 bridges and many others were affected by the earthquake, tsunami and fires due to oil and gas spills. Electricity, telecommunications and railways were severely damaged. Debris of 25 million tonnes was generated and carried out to sea by water (BBC News, 2012). The country's authorities estimated damage at more than $309 billion. Landslides occurred in Miyagi and liquefaction occurred in Chiba, Tokyo, Odaiba, and Urayasu (USGS, 2013). Additionally, the tsunami destroyed tsunami protective dikes. About 217 square miles of Japan covered in water (Oskin,