Alphonse Elric of Full Metal Alchemist says: "Humanity can gain nothing without first giving something in return. To gain, something of equal value must be lost." In the novel The Book Thief, Markus Zusak portrays the multiple transactions that humanity experiences but, in return, puts himself at risk for challenging others of higher power through some of those transactions. For example, older characters' transactions with people of short stature, young adults' dangerous interactions, and children's exchanges with enemies all challenge the Nazi Party. Therefore, through their transactions, characters of all ages show forms of resistance towards the Nazi regime. First, adults' exchanges with people of lower status show defiance towards the Nazis. Hans Hubermann is an adult citizen who shows resistance through his acts of kindness towards Jews. When a procession of Jews marches down Himmel Street, the surrounding crowd begins torturing and ridiculing the Jews. Hans Hubermann suddenly approaches one of the fallen Jews and demonstrates an exchange of bread for a sense of peace and thanksgiving. The narrator states, "the Jew [stands] before him, expecting another handful of derision, but [watches] with everyone else as Hans Hubermann [holds out] his hand and [presents] a piece of bread, as if to magic…he [burys] his face between them and thanks him” (Zusak 394). the least of the least and any form of help towards them is an offense to the Nazis. Consequently, Ilsa Hermann also demonstrates forms of resistance through her affairs with Liesel... middle of the paper. ... In return, he explains what his dreams [are] made of” (Zusak 333-334) exchanging conversations with Max about their dreams defies Nazi rules since Max is Jewish and is forbidden to have polite conversations with one of them. them. Anyone caught having relations with a Jew is a traitor to the Nazi regime. Therefore, the boys oppose the Nazis through their exchanges with the opposition. In conclusion, characters of all ages challenge the Nazi Party. Evidently, transactions between lower-class people and adults, young adults' exchanges, and children's transactions with adversaries portray resistance to the Nazi regime. People cannot gain without losing something of their own, whether it is their valuables or their safety. It is up to people to decide what they are willing to give up in order to gain.