Thousands of years ago, from the creation of man, the multiplication of human beings occurred. Therefore, there was generational decency, procreation and the birth of children. From there the life cycle is maintained, which is being born, growing and dying. A midwife was present at every birth. Which is a person who has the ability during the months of gestation and to assist and help the mother receive the birth of the newborn. The midwife knew how the birth of a newborn happens but did not have the knowledge to be able to diagnose any congenital diseases that accompanied the newborn. During the 19th century, extensive study was conducted on the birth and conception of newborns. Since it is very important to know how the newborn will survive. Even if the baby arrives healthy or with genetic defects. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Before the end of the 19th century, doctors didn't really care about newborns. Which is really devastating to hear because every time a baby is born a new generation is born too. It was the obstetricians who were truly responsible and interested in investigating the origins and how to care for the newborn. Obstetricians specialize in medicine and surgery that deal with the newborn. They also take care of women who have given birth. Subsequently, pediatricians slowly began to become interested in the science of the newborn. According to Alistair GS Philip of Stanford University School of Medicine, “In the mid-20th century, many pediatricians demonstrated an interest in newborns; primary responsibility for these children shifted from the obstetrician to the pediatrician.” Both obstetricians and pediatricians contribute to helping the mother and newborn receive the best possible care they need to live a healthy and happy life. During the 19th century, according to statistics and studies conducted by doctors, obstetricians and gynecologists. This group of doctors dedicated themselves to the direct care of the mother and also of the newborn. Because nowadays medicine and technology are so advanced that we can know the size, weight and gender of the baby. There are many major discoveries in neonatology, however we will focus on just three. The first breakthrough that changes newborn care is the incubator. Couney was the person who invented the incubator for premature babies. The incubator is a transparent enclosure, square or rectangular, in which the newborn is kept. Because it is a controlled environment that can be easily changed if necessary. It includes a heater, a fan, a humidifier, and a control door where oxygen can be added. The incubator also had open access holes where nurses can reach inside and care for the newborn. At the beginning of the 20th century, premature birth was a leading cause of infant mortality. There are several causes why a baby is born prematurely. The causes can be problems such as stress, smoking cigarettes or the use of illegal drugs, as well as high blood pressure or diabetes. Stress can damage the mental and emotional health of the pregnant mother and can also affect the baby. Smoking cigarettes and using illegal drugs can be one of the causes of premature baby. Smoking cigarettes can cause problems with the mother's placenta. Which is very important for the baby because oxygen and food come from there. The placenta can separate from the uterus too early and cause severe bleeding. This can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby's life before and after birth. Using illegal drugs can also be harmful because they can have heart defects and low birth weight. The mother cannot get pregnant and.